Thelabourerdoesnotperformtwooperationsatonce，oneinordertoaddvaluetothecotton，theotherinordertopreservethevalueofthemeansofproduction，or，whatamountstothesamething，totransfertotheyarn，totheproduct，thevalueofthecottononwhichheworks，andpartofthevalueofthespindlewithwhichheworks。But，bytheveryactofaddingnewvalue，hepreservestheirformervalues。Since，however，theadditionofnewvaluetothesubjectofhislabour，andthepreservationofitsformervalue，aretwoentirelydistinctresults，producedsimultaneouslybythelabourer，duringoneoperation，itisplainthatthistwo—foldnatureoftheresultcanbeexplainedonlybythetwo—foldnatureofhislabour;
atoneandthesametime，itmustinonecharactercreatevalue，andinanothercharacterpreserveortransfervalue。
Now，inwhatmannerdoeseverylaboureraddnewlabourandconsequentlynewvalue？Evidently，onlybylabouringproductivelyinaparticularway;thespinnerbyspinning，theweaverbyweaving，thesmithbyforging。
But，whilethusincorporatinglabourgenerally，thatisvalue，itisbytheparticularformaloneofthelabour，bythespinning，theweavingandtheforgingrespectively，thatthemeansofproduction，thecottonandspindle，theyarnandloom，and。theironandanvilbecomeconstituentelementsoftheproduct，ofanewuse—value。[1]Eachuse—valuedisappears，butonlytore—appearunderanewforminanewuse—value。Now，wesaw，whenwewereconsideringtheprocessofcreatingvalue，that，ifause—valuebeeffectivelyconsumedintheproductionofanewuse—value，thequantityoflabourexpendedintheproductionoftheconsumedarticle，formsaportionofthequantityoflabournecessarytoproducethenewuse—value;thisportionisthereforelabourtransferredfromthemeansofproductiontothenewproduct。Hence，thelabourerpreservesthevaluesoftheconsumedmeansofproduction，ortransfersthemasportionsofitsvaluetotheproduct，notbyvirtueofhisadditionallabour，abstractedlyconsidered，butbyvirtueoftheparticularusefulcharacterofthatlabour，byvirtueofitsspecialproductiveform。Insofarthenaslabourissuchspecificproductiveactivity，insofarasitisspinning，weaving，orforging，itraises，bymerecontact，themeans。ofproductionfromthedead，makesthemlivingfactorsofthelabour—process，andcombineswiththemtoformthenewproducts。
Ifthespecialproductivelabouroftheworkmanwerenotspinning，hecouldnotconvertthecottonintoyarn，andthereforecouldnottransferthevaluesofthecottonandspindletotheyarn。Supposethesameworkmanweretochangehisoccupationtothatofajoiner，hewouldstillbyaday’slabouraddvaluetothematerialheworksupon。Consequently，wesee，first，thattheadditionofnewvaluetakesplacenotbyvirtueofhislabourbeingspinninginparticular，orjoineringinparticular，butbecauseitislabourintheabstract，aportionofthetotallabourofsociety;andweseenext，thatthevalueaddedisofagivendefiniteamount，notbecausehislabourhasaspecialutility，butbecauseitisexertedforadefinitetime。Ontheonehand，then，itisbyvirtueofitsgeneralcharacter，asbeingexpenditureofhumanlabour—powerintheabstract，thatspinningaddsnewvaluetothevaluesofthecottonandthespindle;