Fracturealsoforthemostpartiscombinedwiththeindentationwhenitoccursinthesutures;andthisfractureismoredifficulttodiscernwhentheboneisbroken，onthisaccount，thatiftherebeafracture，itissituatedforthemostpartinthesuture。Fortheboneisliabletobebrokenandslackenedthere，owingtothenaturalweaknessofthebonethere，andtoitsporosity，andfromthesuturebeingreadilyrupturedandslackened:buttheotherboneswhichsurroundthesutureremainunbroken，becausetheyarestrongerthanthesuture。Forthefracturewhichoccursatthesutureisalsoaslackeningofthesuture，anditisnoteasytodetectwhetherthebonebebrokenandslackenedbytheindentationofaweaponoccurringinthesuture，orfromacontusionoftheboneatthesutures;butitisstillmoredifficulttodetectafractureconnectedwithcontusion。Forthesutures，havingtheappearanceoffissures，eludethediscernmentandsightofthephysician，asbeingrougherthantherestofthebone，unlessthebonebestronglycutandslackened（foracutandahedraarethesamething）。Butitisnecessary，ifthewoundhasoccurredatthesutures，andtheweaponhasimpingedontheboneorthepartsaboutit，topayattentionandfindoutwhatinjurythebonehassustained。Forapersonwoundedtothesame，oramuchsmaller，extent，andbyweaponsofthesamesizeandquality，andevenmuchless，willsustainamuchgreaterinjury，providedhehasreceivedtheblowatthesutures，thanifitwaselsewhere。Andmanyoftheserequiretrepanning，butyoumustnotapplythetrepantothesuturesthemselves，butontheadjoiningbone。
13。Andwithregardtothecureofwoundsinthehead，andthemodeofdetectinginjuriesinthebonewhicharenotapparent，thefollowingismyopinion:—Inawoundofthehead，youmustnotapplyanythingliquid，notevenwine，butaslittleaspossible，noracataplasm，norconductthetreatmentwithtents，norapplyabandagetoanulceronthehead，unlessitbesituatedontheforehead，inthepartwhichisbareofhairs，orabouttheeyebrowandeye，forwoundsoccurringthererequirecataplasmsandbandagesmorethanuponanyotherpartofthehead。Fortherestoftheheadsurroundsthewholeforehead，andthewoundswhereversituatedbecomeinflamedandswelled，owingtoaninfluxofbloodfromsurroundingparts。Andneithermustyouapplycataplasmsandbandagestotheforeheadatalltimes;butwhentheinflammationisstoppedandtheswellinghassubsided，youmustgiveupthecataplasmsandbandages。Awoundinanyotherpartoftheheadmustnotbetreatedwithtents，bandages，orcataplasms，unlessitalsorequiresincision。Youmustperformincisiononwoundssituatedontheheadandforehead，whenevertheboneisdenudedofflesh，andappearstohavesustainedsomeinjuryfromtheblow，butthewoundhasnotsufficientlengthandbreadthfortheinspectionofthebone，sothatitmaybeseenwhetherithasreceivedanymischieffromtheblow，andofwhatnaturetheinjuryis，andtowhatextentthefleshhasbeencontused，andwhetherthebonehassustainedanyinjury，orwhetheritbeuninjuredbytheblow，andhassufferednomischief;andwithregardtothetreatment，whatthewound，andtheflesh，andtheinjuryofthebonestandinneedof。
Ulcersofthisdescriptionstandinneedofincision;and，ifthebonebedenudedoftheflesh，andifitbehollow，andextendfarobliquely，wecutupthecavitywhereverthemedicinecannotpenetratereadily，whatevermedicineitmaybe;andwoundswhicharemoreinclinedtobecircularandhollow，andforthemostpartothersofthelikeshape，arecutupbymakingdoubleincisioninthecirclelengthways，，accordingtothefigureoftheman，soastomakethewoundofalongform。Incisionsmaybepracticedwithimpunityonotherpartsofthehead，withtheexceptionofthetempleandthepartsaboveit，wherethereisaveinthatrunsacrossthetemple，inwhichregionanincisionisnottobemade。Forconvulsionsseizeonapersonwhohasbeenthustreated;andiftheincisionbeonthelefttemple，theconvulsionsseizeontherightside;andiftheincisionbeontherightside，theconvulsionstakeplaceontheleftside。
14。When，then，youlayopenawoundintheheadonaccountoftheboneshavingbeendenudedoftheflesh，aswishingtoascertainwhetherornotthebonehasreceivedaninjuryfromtheblow，youmustmakeanincisionproportionatetothesizeofthewound，andasmuchasshallbejudgednecessary。Andinmakingtheincisionyoumustseparatethefleshfromthebonewhereitisunitedtothemembrane（pericranium？）andtothebone，andthenfillthewholewoundwithatent，whichwillexpandthewoundverywidenextdaywithaslittlepainaspossible;andalongwiththetentsapplyacataplasm，consistingofamass（maza）offineflourpoundedinvinegar，orboiledsoastorenderitasglutinousaspossible。Onthenextday，whenyouremovethetent，havingexaminedthebonetoseewhatinjuryithassustained，ifthewoundinthebonebenotrightseenbyyou，norcanyoudiscoverwhatmischieftheboneitselfhassustained，buttheinstrumentseemstohavepenetratedtothebonesoastohaveinjuredit，youmustscrapethebonewitharaspatorytoadepthandlengthproportionatetothesutureofthepatient，andagaininatransversedirection，forthesakeofthefractureswhicharenotseen，andofthecontusionswhicharenotdiscovered，asnotbeingaccompaniedwithdepressionofthebonefromitsnaturalposition。Forthescrapingdiscoversthemischief，iftheinjuriesinthebonebenototherwisemanifest。Andifyouperceiveanindentation（hedra）
leftinthebonebytheblow，youmustscrapethedintitselfandthesurroundingbones，lest，asoftenhappens，thereshouldbeafractureandcontusion，oracontusionalone，combinedwiththedint，andescapeobservation。Andwhenyouscrapethebonewiththeraspatory，anditappearsthatthewoundinthebonerequirestheoperation，youmustnotpostponeitforthreedays，butdoitduringthisperiod，moreespeciallyiftheweatherbehot，andyouhavehadthemanagementofthetreatmentfromcommencement。Ifyoususpectthattheboneisbrokenorcontused，orhassustainedboththeseinjuries，havingformedyourjudgementfromtheseverityofthewound，andfromtheinformationofthepatient，asthatthepersonwhoinflictedthewound，provideditwasdonebyanotherperson，wasremarkablystrong，andthattheweaponbywhichhewaswoundedwasofadangerousdescription，andthenthatthemanhadbeenseizedwithvertigo，dimnessofvision，andstupor，andfelltotheground，—underthesecircumstances，ifyoucannotdiscoverwhetherthebonebebroken，contused，orboththeoneandtheother，norcanseethetruthofthematter，youmustdissolvethejet—blackointment，andfillthewoundwithitwhenthisdissolved，andapplyalinenragsmearedwithoil，andthenacataplasmofthemazawithabandage;andonthenextday，havingcleanedoutthewound，scrapethebonewiththeraspatory。Andiftheboneisnotsound，butfracturedandcontused，therestofitwhichisscrapedwillbewhite;butthefractureandcontusion，havingimbibedthepreparation，willappearblack，whiletherestoftheboneiswhite。Andyoumustagainscrapemoredeeplythefracturewhereitappearsblack;and，ifyouthusremovethefissure，andcauseittodisappear，youmayconcludethattherehasbeenacontusionofthebonetoagreaterorlessextent，whichhasoccasionedthefracturethathasdisappearedundertheraspatory;