Hesiod,The Homeric Hymns,and Homerica

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第2章

Hesiod,The Homeric Hymns,and Homerica Hesiod

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Hesiod,The Homeric Hymns,and Homerica
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  thatis,atabout830—820B。C。,andtheevidencestatedabovepointstothemiddleoftheninthcenturyastheprobabledateforthe\"WorksandDays\"。The\"Theogony\"mightbetentativelyplacedacenturylater;andthe\"Catalogues\"and\"Eoiae\"areagainlater,butnotgreatlylater,thanthe\"Theogony\":the\"ShieldofHeracles\"maybeascribedtothelaterhalfoftheseventhcentury,butthereisnotevidenceenoughtoshowwhethertheother`developed\'poemsaretoberegardedasofadatesolowasthis。

  LiteraryValueofHomerQuintillian\'s(11)judgmentonHesiodthat`herarelyrisestogreatheights……andtohimisgiventhepalminthemiddle—classofspeech\'isjust,butisliabletogiveawrongimpression。

  HesiodhasnothingthatremotelyapproachessuchscenesasthatbetweenPriamandAchilles,orthepathosofAndromache\'spreparationsforHector\'sreturn,evenashewasfallingbeforethewallsofTroy;butinmattersthatcomewithintherangeorordinaryexperience,herarelyfailstorisetotheappropriatelevel。Take,forinstance,thedescriptionoftheIronAge(\"WorksandDays\",182ff。)withitscatalogueofwrongdoingsandviolenceeverincreasinguntilAidosandNemesisareforcedtoleavemankindwhothenceforwardshallhave`noremedyagainstevil\'。Suchoccasions,however,rarelyoccurandareperhapsnotcharacteristicofHesiod\'sgenius:ifwewouldseeHesiodathisbest,inhismostnaturalvein,wemustturntosuchapassageasthatwhichhehimself——accordingtothecompilerofthe\"ContestofHesiodandHomer\"——selectedasbestinallhiswork,`WhenthePleiades,Atlas\'daughters,begintorise……\'

  (\"WorksandDays,383ff。)。Thevalueofsuchapassagecannotbeanalysed:itcanonlybesaidthatgivensuchasubject,thisaloneistherightmethodoftreatment。

  Hesiod\'sdictionisinthemainHomeric,butoneofhischarmsistheuseofquaintallusivephrasesderived,perhaps,fromapre—

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