Nomistakecanbegreaterthantosupposethatanationcaneverbewithoutwantsforcommoditiesofsomesort。Itmaypossesstoomuchofoneormorecommoditiesforwhichitmaynotfindamarketathome。Itmayhavemoresugar，coffee，tallow，thanitcaneitherconsumeordisposeof，butnocountyeverpossessedageneralglutofallcommodities。Itisevidentlyimpossible。Ifacountypossesseseverythingnecessaryforthemaintenanceandcomfortofman，andthesearticlesbedividedintheproportionsinwhichtheyareusuallyconsumed，theyaresure，howeverabundant，tofindamarkettotakethemoff。Itfollowstherefore，thatwhilstacountyisinpossessionofacommodityforwhichthereisnodemandathome，itwillbedesirousofexchangingitforothercommoditiesintheproportioninwhichtheyareconsumed。
Nonationgrowscorn，oranyothercommodity，withaviewtorealiseitsvalueinmoney，（thecasesupposed，orinvolvedinthecasesupposed，bytheReviewers），asthiswouldbethemostunprofitableobjecttowhichthelabourofmancouldbedevoted。
Moneyispreciselythatarticlewhichtillitisre-exchangedneveraddstothewealthofacounty:accordinglywefind，thattoincreaseitsamountisneverthevoluntaryactofanycountyanymorethanitisthatofanyindividual。Moneyisforceduponthemonlyinconsequenceoftherelativelylessvaluewhichitpossessesinthosecountieswithwhichtheyhaveintercourse。
Whilstacountryemploysthepreciousmetalsformoney，andhasnominesofitsown，itisaconceivablecasethatitmaygreatlyaugmenttheamountoftheproductionsofitslandandlabourwithoutaddingtoitswealth，becauseatthesametimethosecountieswhichareinpossessIonoftheminesmaypossiblyhaveobtainedsoenormousasupplyofthepreciousmetalsastohaveforcedanincreaseofcurrencyontheindustiouscounty，equalinvaluetothewholeofitsincreasedproductions。Butbysodoingtheaugmentedcurrency，addedtothatwhichwasbeforeemployed，willbeofnomorerealvaluethantheoriginalamountofcurrency。Thusthenwillthisindustriousnationbecometributarytothosenationswhichareinpossessionofthemines，andwillcarryonatradeinwhichitgainsnothingandloseseverything。
ThattheexchangeisinaconstantstateoffluctuationwithallcountiesIamnotdisposedtodeny，butitdoesnotgenerallyvarytothoselimitsatwhichremittancescanbemoreadvantageouslymadebymeansofbullionthanbythepurchaseofbills。Whilstthisisthecase，itcannotbedisputedthatimportsarebalancedbyexports。Thevaryingdemandsofallcountriesmaybesupplied，andtheexchangesofalldeviateinsomedegreefrompar，ifthecurrencyofanyoneofthemiseitherredundantordeficient，ascomparedwiththerest。SupposeEnglandtosendgoodstoHolland，andnottofindthereanycommoditieswhichsuittheEnglishmarket；or，whichisthesamething，supposethatwecanpurchasethosecommoditiescheaperinFrance。InthiscaseweconfineouroperationtothesaleofgoodsinHolland，andthepurchaseofothergoodsinFrance。ThecurrencyofEnglandisnotdisturbedbyeithertransaction，asweshallpayFrancebyabillonHolland，andtherewillneitherbeanexcessofimportsnorofexports。Theexchangemay，however，befavourabletouswithHolland，andunfavourablewithFrance；