Thefixedrevenueofthepopeswasprobablyimpaired；manyoftheoldpatrimonialestates，bothinItalyandtheprovinces，hadbeeninvadedbysacrilegioushands；norcouldthelossbecompensatedbytheclaim，ratherthanthepossession，ofthemoreamplegiftsofPepinandhisdescendants。ButtheVaticanandCapitolwerenourishedbytheincessantandincreasingswarmsofpilgrimsandsuppliants:thepaleofChristianitywasenlarged，andthepopeandcardinalswereoverwhelmedbythejudgmentofecclesiasticalandsecularcauses。AnewjurisprudencehadestablishedintheLatinchurchtherightandpracticeofappeals；^7andfromtheNorthandWestthebishopsandabbotswereinvitedorsummonedtosolicit，tocomplain，toaccuse，ortojustify，beforethethresholdoftheapostles。Arareprodigyisoncerecorded，thattwohorses，belongingtothearchbishopsofMentzandCologne，repassedtheAlps，yetladenwithgoldandsilver:^8butitwassoonunderstood，thatthesuccess，bothofthepilgrimsandclients，dependedmuchlessonthejusticeoftheircausethanonthevalueoftheiroffering。Thewealthandpietyofthesestrangerswereostentatiouslydisplayed；andtheirexpenses，sacredorprofane，circulatedinvariouschannelsfortheemolumentoftheRomans。
[Footnote6:SeeDucange，Gloss。mediaeetinfimaeLatinitat。
tom。vi。p。364，365，Staffa。Thishomagewaspaidbykingstoarchbishops，andbyvassalstotheirlords，Schmidt，tom。iii。
p。262；anditwasthenicestpolicyofRometoconfoundthemarksoffilialandoffeudalsubjection]
[Footnote7:TheappealsfromallthechurchestotheRomanpontiffaredeploredbythezealofSt。BernarddeConsideratione，l。iii。tom。ii。p。431—442，edit。Mabillon，Venet。1750andthejudgmentofFleury，Discourssurl\'Hist。