BeforetheageofJustinian，orperhapsofDiocletian，thedecuriesofRomanjudgeshadsunktoanemptytitle:thehumbleadviceoftheassessorsmightbeacceptedordespised；andineachtribunalthecivilandcriminaljurisdictionwasadministeredbyasinglemagistrate，whowasraisedanddisgracedbythewilloftheemperor。
[Footnote201:TheimportantsubjectofthepublicquestionsandjudgmentsatRome，isexplainedwithmuchlearning，andinaclassicstyle，byCharlesSigonius，l。iii。deJudiciis，inOpp。
tom。iii。p。679—864；andagoodabridgmentmaybefoundintheRepubliqueRomaineofBeaufort，tom。ii。l。v。p。1—121。
ThosewhowishformoreabstruselawmaystudyNoodt，deJurisdictioneetImperioLibriduo，tom。i。p。93—134，
Heineccius，adPandect。l。i。etii。adInstitut。l。iv。tit。