[Footnote141:SeealearneddissertationofBaier，demuroCaucaseo，inComment。Acad。Petropol。ann。1726，tom。i。p。425—
463；butitisdestituteofamaporplan。WhentheczarPeterI。becamemasterofDerbendintheyear1722，themeasureofthewallwasfoundtobe3285Russianorgyioe，orfathom，eachofsevenfeetEnglish；inthewholesomewhatmorethanfourmilesinlength。]
[Footnote142:SeethefortificationsandtreatiesofChosroes，orNushirwan，inProcopiusPersic。l。i。c。16，22，l。ii。andD\'Herbelot，p。682。]
VII。JustiniansuppressedtheschoolsofAthensandtheconsulshipofRome，whichhadgivensomanysagesandheroestomankind。Boththeseinstitutionshadlongsincedegeneratedfromtheirprimitiveglory；yetsomereproachmaybejustlyinflictedontheavariceandjealousyofaprince，bywhosehandsuchvenerableruinsweredestroyed。
Athens，afterherPersiantriumphs，adoptedthephilosophyofIoniaandtherhetoricofSicily；andthesestudiesbecamethepatrimonyofacity，whoseinhabitants，aboutthirtythousandmales，condensed，withintheperiodofasinglelife，thegeniusofagesandmillions。Oursenseofthedignityofhumannatureisexaltedbythesimplerecollection，thatIsocrates^143wasthecompanionofPlatoandXenophon；thatheassisted，perhapswiththehistorianThucydides，atthefirstrepresentationoftheOedipusofSophoclesandtheIphigeniaofEuripides；andthathispupilsAeschinesandDemosthenescontendedforthecrownofpatriotisminthepresenceofAristotle，themasterofTheophrastus，whotaughtatAthenswiththefoundersoftheStoicandEpicureansects。^144TheingenuousyouthofAtticaenjoyedthebenefitsoftheirdomesticeducation，whichwascommunicatedwithoutenvytotherivalcities。TwothousanddisciplesheardthelessonsofTheophrastus；^145theschoolsofrhetoricmusthavebeenstillmorepopulousthanthoseofphilosophy；andarapidsuccessionofstudentsdiffusedthefameoftheirteachersasfarastheutmostlimitsoftheGrecianlanguageandname。