War of the Classes

第3章

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第3章

War of the Classes Jack London

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War of the Classes
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  But,theBritishlaborer\'spolicyof\"ca\'canny,\"whichistheveryhonorableoneofgivingleastformost,andwhichislikewisethepolicyoftheEnglishcapitalist,isneverthelessfrowneduponbytheEnglishcapitalist,whosebusinessexistenceisthreatenedbythegreatAmericanscab。Fromtheriseofthefactorysystem,theEnglishcapitalistgladlyembracedtheopportunity,whereverhefoundit,ofgivingleastformost。Hediditallovertheworldwheneverheenjoyedamarketmonopoly,andhediditathomewiththelaborersemployedinhismills,destroyingthemlikefliestillprevented,withinlimits,bythepassageoftheFactoryActs。SomeoftheproudestfortunesofEnglandtodaymaytracetheirorigintothegivingofleastformosttothemiserableslavesofthefactorytowns。ButatthepresenttimetheEnglishcapitalistisoutragedbecausehislaborersareemployingagainsthimpreciselythesamepolicyheemployedagainstthem,andwhichhewouldemployagaindidthechancepresentitself。

  Yet\"ca\'canny\"isadisastrousthingtotheBritishlaborer。Ithasdrivenship-buildingfromEnglandtoScotland,bottle-makingfromScotlandtoBelgium,flint-glass-makingfromEnglandtoGermany,andtodayissteadilydrivingindustryafterindustrytoothercountries。AcorrespondentfromNorthamptonwrotenotlongago:\"Factoriesareworkinghalfandthirdtime……Thereisnostrike,thereisnoreallabortrouble,butthemastersandmenarealikesufferingfromsheerlackofemployment。MarketswhichwereoncetheirsarenowAmerican。\"ItwouldseemthattheunfortunateBritishlaboreris\'twixtthedevilandthedeepsea。Ifhegivesmostforleast,hefacesafrightfulslaverysuchasmarkedthebeginningofthefactorysystem。Ifhegivesleastformost,hedrivesindustryawaytoothercountriesandhasnoworkatall。

  ButtheunionlaborersoftheUnitedStateshavenothingofwhichtoboast,while,accordingtotheirtrade-unionethics,theyhaveagreatdealofwhichtobeashamed。Theypassionatelypreachshorthoursandbigwages,theshorterthehoursandthebiggerthewagesthebetter。Theirhatredforascabisasterribleasthehatredofapatriotforatraitor,ofaChristianforaJudas。Andinthefaceofallthis,theyareascolossalscabsastheUnitedStatesisacolossalscab。Foralloftheirboastedunionsandhighlaborideals,theyareaboutthemostthoroughgoingscabsontheplanet。

  Receiving$4。50perday,becauseofhisproficiencyandimmenseworkingpower,theAmericanlaborerhasbeenknowntoscabuponscabssocalledwhotookhisplaceandreceivedonly$0。90perdayforalongerday。Inthisparticularinstance,fiveChinesecoolies,workinglongerhours,gavelessvalueforthepricereceivedfromtheiremployerthandidoneAmericanlaborer。

  ItisuponhisbrotherlaborersoverseasthattheAmericanlaborermostoutrageouslyscabs。AsMr。Cassonhasshown,anEnglishnail-

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