An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

第6章

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第6章

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 佚名

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An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
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  Eloquence,whenatitshighestpitch,leaveslittleroomforreasonorreflection;butaddressingitselfentirelytothefancyortheaffections,captivatesthewillinghearers,andsubduestheirunderstanding。Happily,thispitchitseldomattains。ButwhataT/ULLY\\oraD/EMOSTHENES\\couldscarcelyeffectoveraR/OMAN\\orA/THENIAN\\audience,every,everyitinerantorstationaryteachercanperformoverthegeneralityofmankind,andinahigherdegree,bytouchingsuchgrossandvulgarpassions。

  Themanyinstancesofforgedmiracles,andprophecies,andsupernaturalevents,which,inallages,haveeitherbeendetectedbycontraryevidence,orwhichdetectthemselvesbytheirabsurdity,provesufficientlythestrongpropensityofmankindtotheextraordinaryandthemarvellous,andoughtreasonablytobegetasuspicionagainstallrelationsofthiskind。Thisisournaturalwayofthinking,evenwithregardtothemostcommonandmostcredibleevents。Forinstance:Thereisnokindofreportwhichrisessoeasily,andspreadssoquickly,especiallyincountryplacesandprovincialtowns,asthoseconcerningmarriages;insomuchthattwoyoungpersonsofequalconditionneverseeeachothertwice,butthewholeneighbourhoodimmediatelyjointhemtogether。

  Thepleasureoftellingapieceofnewssointeresting,ofpropagatingit,andofbeingthefirstreportersofit,spreadstheintelligence。Andthisissowellknown,thatnomanofsensegivesattentiontothesereports,tillhefindthemconfirmedbysomegreaterevidence。Donotthesamepassions,andothersstillstronger,inclinethegeneralityofmankindtobelieveandreport,withthegreatestvehemenceandassurance,allreligiousmiracles?

  。Itformsastrongpresumptionagainstallsupernaturalandmiraculousrelations,thattheyareobservedchieflytoaboundamongignorantandbarbarousnations;orifacivilizedpeoplehasevergivenadmissiontoanyofthem,thatpeoplewillbefoundtohavereceivedthemfromignorantandbarbarousancestors,whotransmittedthemwiththatinviolablesanctionandauthority,whichalwaysattendreceivedopinions。Whenweperusethefirsthistoriesofallnations,weareapttoimagineourselvestransportedintosomenewworld;wherethewholeframeofnatureisdisjointed,andeveryelementperformsitsoperationsinadifferentmanner,from

  whatitdoesatpresent。Battles,revolutions,pestilence,famineanddeath,arenevertheeffectofthosenaturalcauses,whichweexperience。Prodigies,omens,oracles,judgements,quiteobscurethefewnaturalevents,thatareintermingledwiththem。Butastheformergrowthinnereverypage,inproportionasweadvancenearertheenlightenedages,wesoonlearn,thatthereisnothingmysteriousorsupernaturalinthecase,butthatallproceedsfromtheusualpropensityofmankindtowardsthemarvellous,andthat,thoughthisinclinationmayatintervalsreceiveacheckfromsenseandlearning,itcanneverbethoroughlyextirpatedfromhumannature。

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