Alfred Tennyson

第11章

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第11章

Alfred Tennyson 佚名

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Alfred Tennyson
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  Studentsofarecentcontroversywillobservethat,followingFreeman,heretainsthefamouspalisade,sogrievouslybatteredbytheaxe-strokesofMrHoraceRound。Haroldisapiecemorecompressed,andmuchmoreinaccordancewiththetraditionsofthedrama,thanQueenMary。Thetopicistragicindeed:thesorrowbeingthatofagreatman,agreatking,thebulwarkofapeoplethatfellwithhisfall。Moreover,asthetopicistreated,theplayisrichintheironyusuallyassociatedwiththenameofSophocles。

  Victorycomesbeforeafall。Harold,likeAntigone,istornbetweentwoduties——hisoathandtheclaimsofhiscountry。HisruincomesfromwhatAristotlewouldcallhis[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced],hisfaultinswearingtheoathtoWilliam。Theherohimself;reckinglittle,afterasuperstitiousmoment,oftheconcealedrelicsoverwhichheswore,deemshisoffencetolieinswearingavowwhichhenevermeanttokeep。Thepersuasionswhichurgehimtothiscourseareadmirablypresented:England,Edith,hisbrother\'sfreedom,wereatstake。Casuistry,orevenlaw,wouldhaveabsolvedhimeasily;anoathtakenunderduresseisofnoavail。ButHarold\'s\"honourrootedindishonourstood,\"andhecannotsoreadilyabsolvehimself。BruceandthebishopswhostoodbyBrucehadnosuchscruples:theyperjuredthemselvesoften,onthemostsacredrelics,especiallythebishops。ButHaroldrisesabovethemediaevalandmagicalconceptionoftheoath,andgoestohisdoomconsciousofastainonhishonour,ofwhichonlyadeeperstain,thatoffalsenesstohiscountry,couldmakehimclean。Thisisatrulytragicstrokeofdestiny。Thehero\'scharacterisadmirablynoble,patient,andsimple。TheConfessoralsoisastrueinartastohistory,andhisvisionofthefallandriseofEnglandisanoblepassage。InAldwythwehavesomethingofVivien,withagrainofconscience,andthepartofEdithSwan\'s-neckhasarestrainedandclassicpathosincontrastwiththemelancholyofWulfnoth。Thepiece,asthepoetsaid,isa\"tragedyofdoom,\"ofdeepeninganddarkeningomens,asintheOdysseyandNjal\'sSaga。Thebattlescene,withthechorusesofthemonks,makesanobleclose。

  FitzGeraldremainedloyal,butitwasto\"afairyPrincewhocamefromotherskiesthantheserainyones,\"and\"thewretchedcritics,\"

  asG。H。Lewescalledthem,seemtohavebeenunfriendly。Infactbesidestheinnatewretchednessofallcritics,theygrudgedthetimeandlabourgiventothedrama,inanundramaticage。HaroldhadnotwhatFitzGeraldcalled\"theoldchampagneflavour\"ofthevintageof1842。

  Becketwasbegunin1876,printedin1879,andpublishedin1884。

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