Theveryrichareneitheraristocratsnorself-mademen;theyareaccidents——orrathercalamities。Allrevolutionarylanguageisagenerationbehindthetimesintalkingoftheirfutility。A
revolutionistwouldsaywithperfecttruththatcoal-ownersknownexttonothingaboutcoal-mining。Butwearepastthatpoint。Coal-ownersknownexttonothingaboutcoal-owning。Theydonotdevelopanddefendthenatureoftheirownmonopolywithanyconsistentandcourageouspolicy,howeverwicked,asdidtheoldaristocratswiththemonopolyofland。Theyhavenotthevirtuesnoreventhevicesoftyrants;theyhaveonlytheirpowers。Itisthesamewithallthepowerfulofto-day;itisthesame,forinstance,withthehigh-placedandhigh-paidofficial。Notonlyisthejudgenotjudicial,butthearbiterisnotevenarbitrary。
Thearbiterdecides,notbysomegustofjusticeorinjusticeinhissoulliketheolddespotdoomingmenunderatree,butbythepermanentclimateoftheclasstowhichhehappenstobelong。Theancientwigofthejudgeisoftenindistinguishablefromtheoldwigoftheflunkey。
Tojudgeaboutsuccessorfailureonemustseethingsverysimply;onemustseetheminmasses,astheartist,halfclosinghiseyesagainstdetails,seeslightandshade。Thatistheonlywayinwhichajustjudgmentcanbeformedastowhetheranydepartureordevelopment,suchasIslamortheAmericanRepublic,hasbeenabenefituponthewhole。
Seenclose,suchgreaterectionsalwaysaboundiningeniousdetailandimpressivesolidity;itisonlybyseeingthemafaroffthatonecantelliftheTowerleans。