第2章

　　Itishighlyexpedient，saysHatsell，fortheduepreservationoftheprivilegesoftheseparatebranchesofthelegislature，thatneithershouldencroachontheother，orinterfereinanymatterdependingbeforethem，soastopreclude，oreveninfluencethatfreedomofdebate，whichisessentialtoafreecouncil。Theyarethereforenottotakenoticeofanybillsorothermattersdepending，orofvotesthathavebeengiven，orofspeecheswhichhavebeenheld，bythemembersofeitheroftheotherbranchesofthelegislature，untilthesamehavebeencommunicatedtothemintheusualparliamentarymanner。2。Hats。252。4。Inst。15。Seld。

　　Jud。53。Thustheking\'stakingnoticeofthebillforsuppressingsoldiers，dependingbeforetheHouse，hisproposingaprovisionalclauseforabillbeforeitwaspresentedtohimbythetwoHouses；hisexpressingdispleasureagainstsomepersonsformattersmovedinParliamentduringthedebateandpreparationofabill，werebreachesofprivilege。2。Nalson，743。andin1783，December17，itwasdeclaredabreachoffundamentalprivileges，&amp；c。toreportanyopinionorpretendedopinionofthekingonanybillorproceedingdependingineitherHouseofParliament，withaviewtoinfluencethevotesofthemembers。2。Hats。251，6。SEC。IV。

　　ELECTIONS。THEtimes，places，andmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives，shallbeprescribedineachstatebythelegislaturethereof；

　　buttheCongressmay，atanytime，bylaw，makeoraltersuchregulations，exceptastotheplacesofchusingSenators。ConstitutionI。4。

　　EachHouseshallbethejudgeoftheelections，returns，andqualificationsofitsownmembers。ConstitutionI。5。SEC。V。